This page describes how to configure record events, capture event data, and use that data to monitor and improve your business processes.

Overview

Your enterprise is built on key business processes. Whether it's logging support cases, completing orders, or managing employees, keeping track of who does what and when can help you better understand your business and improve how it operates.

Record events allow you to seamlessly track what happens in your applications and when, with minimal configuration on your part.

Once you start tracking event data, you can use that data to:

• Display an activity log: You can provide application users with a timeline of events so they can monitor and respond to those events.

  For example, in a Financial Onboarding app, an account manager could see at-a-glance the latest activities that took place on a client's request for a new account, so they can decide if they need to follow up on an internal review step that's taking longer than expected.

  When capturing data for an activity log, you can track any type of events, including ad hoc events.
  
  

• Improve business processes: You can analyze the larger behavior of a business process, so your organization can identify opportunities to improve that process.

  For example, in the same Financial Onboarding app, the information you gather about activities taking place during the account evaluation could be used to determine how long on average the full evaluation takes or how long a particular sequence of activities in an evaluation takes. With this information, your organization can begin to identify trouble spots in the process itself. Even better, you can mine your event data using Appian's process mining capabilities to find new ways to optimize your business processes.

  When capturing data to improve a business process, you should track events specific to your process. Typically, this means excluding ad hoc events.

Guidelines

Configuring record events is straightforward, once you've made a few decisions about what events you'll track and when. This section provides guidelines to help with those decisions.

Configure record events on the appropriate record types

While you can configure record events on any synced record type, we recommend that you only configure it on record types that represent your major business concepts or processes. You should not configure record events on record types that contain lookup data.

For example, in a Financial Onboarding app, you may have the following record types:

• Account
• Customer
• Employee
• Region

Depending on how you want to use your event data, you could configure record events on the Account record type to track changes that occur in the account management process.

You could also configure record events on the Customer and Employee record types to create an activity log of customer changes (like new zip codes or a change in licensing status) or employee changes (like promotions or departure dates).

It's unlikely, however, that you would need to configure record events on the Region record type, since this record type stores lookup data that is unlikely to change.

Make your event types specific

The types of events (or event types) you track should be meaningful and comprehensive to ensure you get a complete picture of your business operations.

Event types should focus solely on the activity that occurs during the event. Avoid using the event type to capture dynamic details about the event. Instead, capture those details in additional fields on the event history record type. For example, instead of creating an event type called "Financial Review Completed by Angela Lewis," create an event type called "Completed Financial Review". Then, at the time of the event, write the employee who completed the review to the user field of the event history record type.

Let's look at an example of event types for a Financial Onboarding app. In this app, you would want to track when a customer applies for an account and each action your employees take to evaluate that account before creating it. To do so, you would configure the following event types:

• Received Application
• Completed Pre-Onboarding Compliance Check
• Completed Know Your Customer (KYC) Review
• Completed Financial Document Verification
• Completed Financial Review
• Approved Application
• Completed User Account Provisioning
• Funded Account

These event types represent all possible activities that could occur in the process. Ideally, each event occurs only once and in a specific order. A process improvement analysis can then focus on those times when events are skipped, occur more than once, or occur in an unexpected order. Tracking only these events leads to optimal data for analysis.

Decide whether to track ad hoc events

If you're using event data in an activity log, you may also decide to track events that are expected to occur more than once and at any time during the process. We call these ad hoc events.

For example, in a Financial Onboarding app, an employee might update the customer's contact information at any time (Updated), or a reviewer might add a comment on the account with a question that needs to be answered (Commented). These kinds of events are useful in the context of an activity log, but they're not very useful when analyzing how the evaluation process itself is doing. If you're tracking events to improve your processes, you'll want exclude ad hoc events like comments from process analysis.

Capture the right timestamps

When tracking events for any purpose, you should always capture a timestamp when an action completes. For example, in a Financial Onboarding app, you would capture the timestamp when financial document verification is done, with an event type of "Completed Financial Document Verification".

To support process analysis, you can also capture a timestamp at the start of the event, so you can calculate a waiting time between activities.

For example, in the Financial Onboarding app, you can capture a timestamp at the start and end of financial document verification. To follow this approach:

• Structure each event type as the activity itself. For example, instead of an event type called "Completed Financial Document Verification," you would use the event type "Financial Document Verification."
• Add a custom record field to the event history record type (for example, start).
• Configure the Write Records nodes of your process to update the start field when the event starts and the default timestamp field when the event ends.

Then, to determine the activity duration, you can calculate the time between the start timestamp (start) and the end timestamp (timestamp) of the event. Or to determine the waiting time between activities, you can calculate the time between the end timestamp of one event and the start timestamp of the next event. For example, between timestamp for Financial Document Verification and start for Financial Review.

Measure automation

Record events can be used to track which user or automation takes action on your records, so you can measure how automated a given process is. Use the standard automation types when configuring how your process model writes events, and configure the Event History List component to display either the username or automation type for each event.

Get started

To configure and use events in your applications:

1. Configure record events on your record type.
2. Set up your process models to write events.
3. Display and mine event data.

Configure record events

You can configure record events on any record type that uses a database as the source and has data sync enabled.

To configure record events, you will specify two record types to store your event information:

• Event History: The record type used to store who completed an event and when. For example, John Smith created order SO1234 on February 28, 2023.
  
  

• Event Type Lookup: The record type used to store the different types of events that can occur in your business processes. For example, Created Order, Updated Order, Reviewed Order, Shipped Order. This data is static and allows you to consistently reference the types of events that can occur. In a database, this would be considered a lookup table.

If you're tracking events for the first time or you want to standardize your event data, you can generate these two new record types. Alternatively, if you have record types that already store this data, you can use those existing record types as your Event History and Event Type Lookup record types.

Generate new record types

When you generate new record types to store your event data, Appian will also generate the underlying database tables for the new record types. The new tables will always be written to the same source used for the base record type. This source must be a MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, or Aurora MySQL database.

To generate new record types:

1. In the record type you want to track events for, go to Events.
2. Click GENERATE EVENT RECORD TYPES.

3. Under Types of Events, specify the types of events that can occur in your business processes. The event types will be written as values in the generated Event Type Lookup record type.

   Option	Action
   Include Common Event Types	Keep the Created records, Updated records checkbox selected to capture events for creating and updating records in the base record type. This will automatically configure any generated Create or Update record actions to write records and events. If you've already configured or generated record actions before you configured record events, you will need to manually update your Write Records nodes in your process models to also write events. Learn more.
   Other Event Types	Enter any additional event types that you'd like to capture. If you included common event types, they will be automatically included with any other event types you enter. Enter each additional event type on a separate line and format them in the past tense. For example: Reviewed Order Approved Order Canceled Order Shipped Order Delivered Order

4. Under Record Type Names, specify the names of the two record types that will be generated to store the event history and the types of events.

   • Event History: By default, this value is the base record type's name appended with Event History. For example, Order Event History. Keep the default or update as necessary.

   • Event Type Lookup: By default, this value is the base record type's name appended with Event Type. For example, Order Event Type. Keep the default or update as necessary.

5. For Application, specify where you want Appian to create the two new record types. This option only appears if your base record type is associated with more than one application and you have permission to view those applications.

6. Keep the Download database script checkbox selected to download an auto-generated database script when you click GENERATE. This script contains the SQL commands that Appian will use to create database tables for the two new record types.

   Caution:  The auto-generated database script is not saved in Appian, so we strongly recommend downloading the script now and storing it locally.

7. Click GENERATE to generate the two new record types and configure record events.
8. Click SAVE CHANGES.

Generated Event History record type

The generated Event History record type has the following configurations:

• Security:
  • The generated record type copies the group object security of the base record type. Individual user security is not copied.
    
    

• Relationships: Relationships for the generated record type include:

  Base record Type	Relationship	Related Record Type	Purpose	Example
  Where you're configuring record events	One-to-many	Event History	Allows you to reference the different events associated with each record.	The Order record type has a one-to-many relationship with the Order Event History record type.
  Event History	Many-to-one	Where you're configuring record events	Allows you to reference the record associated with each event.	The Order Event History record type has a many-to-one relationship with the Order record type.
  Event History	Many-to-one	Event Type Lookup	Allows you to reference the types of events that can occur.	The Order Event History record type has a many-to-one relationship with the Order Event Type record type.
  Event History	Many-to-one	User	Allows you to reference the user who completes an event.	The Order Event History record type has a many-to-one relationship to the User record type.

  

  

• Fields: The Event History record type contains six required fields by default:

  Default Field	Data Type	Description
  Id	Number (Integer)	This is the primary key field, which is the unique identifier for each event.
  recordId	Number (Integer)	The common field that establishes a relationship between the Event History record type and the base record type. This field has a foreign key constraint in the generated database table.
  eventTypeId	Number (Integer)	The common field that establishes a relationship between the Event History record type and the Event Type Lookup record type. This field has a foreign key constraint in the generated database table.
  user	User	The user who completed the event. If this value is null, Appian assumes the event occurred due to an automated activity in the process model.
  automationTypeId	Number (Integer)	The type of automation that completed the event.
  timestamp	Date and Time	The date and time when the event occurred.

  Note:  You can modify the generated Event History record type to meet any additional business requirements.

Generated Event Type Lookup record type

The generated Event Type Lookup record type has the following configurations:

• Security:
  • The generated record type copies the group object security of the Event History record type. Individual user security is not copied.
    
    

• Fields: The Event Type Lookup record type contains two fields by default. Appian does not recommend adding fields to this record type, because it's meant to serve as a lookup table for the Event History record type.

  Default Field	Data Type	Description
  Id	Number (Integer)	This is the primary key field, which is the unique identifier for each activity. This field is also the common field that establishes the relationship between the Event History record type and the Event Type Lookup record type.
  name	Text	The name of the event that occurred.

Use existing record types

You may already have record types that store your event history and event types. If so, you can easily configure record events using those existing record types.

To use existing record types for this purpose, the base record type must have a one-to-many relationship to the related record type, and the relationship must allow Appian to write related records.

When selecting an existing record type to store your event history, it must have fields that represent the following items:

• User (type User)
• Timestamp (type Date and Time)

If you want to capture the type of automation that completes an event, the existing record type must also have fields that represent the following items:

• Automation type (type Number (Integer)), where automation types are captured using their corresponding identifiers. You will likely need to add a new field for this purpose.

Once you choose your record types, you'll need to specify the fields to use for the User, Timestamp, Automation Type ID, and Event Name. These field mappings will allow you to write events from the Write Records smart service.

To use existing record types:

1. In the record type you want to track events for, go to Events.
2. Click USE EXISTING RECORD TYPES.

3. Configure the following properties:

   Property	Value
   Event History	Select a related record type to store all event data. The base record type must have a one-to-many relationship to this record type.
   User Field	Select a field of type User from the selected Event History record type. This field will store the users who complete each event.
   Automation Identifier Field	Select a field of type Number (Integer) from the selected Event History record type. This field will store the event's automation type. Make sure any existing data in this field corresponds to the list of supported automation identifers.
   Timestamp Field	Select a field of type Date and Time from the selected Event History record type. This field will store the date and time when each event occurred.
   Event Type Lookup	Select a related record type to store the different types of events. The Event History record type must have a many-to-one relationship to this record type.
   Event Name Field	Select a field of type Text from the selected Event Type Lookup record type. This field will store the names of the different event types.

4. Click FINISH to configure record events.
5. Click SAVE CHANGES.

Modify the Event History record type

You can modify an Event History record type to meet any additional business requirements.

For example, you may choose to add a description field to collect more information about an event. Any fields you add to the record type will appear in the Write Records smart service so you can specify the values to write for the event.

You may already be using record events, then decide you want to start capturing the type of automation that completes each event in your business process. You can easily include the automation type in your event data by adding the automationId field to the Event History record type and updating your record events configuration.

To add the automationId field to the Event History record type:

1. In the Event History record type, go to Data Model.
2. Click MODIFY SOURCE FIELDS.
3. Add a new field of type Number (Integer) and give it an easily recognizable name, like automationTypeId. This field is created automatically if you generate new record types.
4. Click SAVE CHANGES.
5. Click CLOSE.

To update your record events configuration:

1. In the base record type with the existing events configuration, go to Events.
2. Click EDIT.
3. Under Automation Identifier Field, use the dropdown list to select the new Number (Integer) field you just created in your Event History record type.
4. In the banner message that appears, click See related process models to open a list of process models use the Write Records smart services to write data in this record type. You can open each related process model in a new tab to edit later.
5. Click UPDATE.
6. Click SAVE CHANGES.

Once you've updated your Event History record type and your record events configuration to store the automation type, you'll need to update any existing process models so the Write Records smart services will write the correct automation type in the record. Follow the steps below to set the Automation Type you want to capture when writing events.

See Update a Source from Your Record Type to learn how to make other updates to your record type.

Write events

Once you configure record events, you can incorporate event tracking into your new and existing process models using the Write Records smart service. When you configure the smart service to write records, you can also specify what events to write, when to write them, and how the events are completed.

If you generate Create or Update record actions, Appian will automatically configure the Write Records node to write events.

If you do not generate your record actions, or you want to write more specific types of events (like Reviewed Order or Shipped Order), you can manually configure the Write Records node to write events.

To write events:

1. In your process model, open a Write Records node.

2. Go to the Setup tab.

   Tip:  If you do not see the Setup tab in your node, replace the current node with a new Write Records node.

   

   

3. For Records Input, select a process variable or write an expression to specify the records to update. You can write a combined total of 50,000 records, related records, and events per node.
4. For Record Type, Appian will automatically select the record type based on the Records Input. If you wrote an expression and Appian cannot determine the correct value, select the record type using the picker.
5. If the selected record type has record events configured, specify when to write events for the selected record type under Choose when to write events:
   • Select Always to write events whenever the node executes.
   • Select Never to never write events whenever the node executes.
   • Select Only when… to specify the condition in which events are written. Then, click Edit Condition to write an expression defining the specific condition.

6. Select the values to write for the event. The field inputs are populated from the related Event History record type. You must map values for the following field inputs:

   Input	Value
   Event Type	Use the dropdown to select an event type or use an expression to specify the event type. The dropdown list is populated from the values in the Event Type Lookup record type. If you use an expression, you must use the event type identifier to indicate the type of event. Learn more about conditionally choosing event values.
   User	Use the dropdown to select the Process Initiator or a process variable of type User or Text, or use an expression to specify the user. If the event will be completed by an automated task, set the value to Null (Set as System Event).
   Automation Type	Use the dropdown to select the type of automation that will complete the event, or use an expression to specify the automation type. If the event isn't automated, set the value to None (User) to indicate it will be completed by a user. Learn more about capturing automation types.
   Timestamp	Use the dropdown to select Now (the date and time when the node is executed) or a process variable of type Date and Time, or use an expression to specify the date and time.

7. Click OK.
8. Click Save & Publish in the process model.

The Write Records smart service only writes events for the record type associated with the Records Input value. Event data is not automatically create for any related record data, but it can be created using a separate Write Records node.

Capture automation types

When you're capturing automation types in your event data, remember to configure your Write Records smart services to write who or what completed each event. Even though a process might involve multiple users or automation types, you want your event data to show the user or automation type that actually completed the task.

In general, use the following guidelines to configure the User and Automation Type properties when writing events:

• If the event was completed by a human, set the User property to the appropriate field from the Event History record type. Then, set the Automation Type property to None (User).

  

  

• If the event was completed by automation, set the User property to Null (Set at System Event). Then, select the appropriate automation type for the Automation Type property.

  

  

Appian recommends categorizing automation types according to the following table:

Automation Type	Identifier	Examples
None (User)	1	User Input Tasks like submitting a form
RPA	2	Execute Robotic Task smart service, robotic process automation (RPA) plug-ins
AI	3	AI Skills smart services (Classify Documents, Extract from Document, Classify Emails), AI plug-ins
Integration	4	Call Integration smart service, Call Web Service smart service, Invoke SAP BAPI smart service
Other	5	Expression Rules, Decisions, process orchestration, other smart services

When configuring Write Records nodes, consider how the event data you capture can best support your business needs. You can configure the User and Automation Type properties as described above, but you may want to capture more information or introduce more complicated rules for determining the automation type.

For example, one of your processes might send an automated email as the result of a user action. You could capture this as a system event by setting the Automation Type to Other, then also capture the user by setting the User to Process Initiator.

You might also choose to write an expression with conditional rules for which automation type should be captured. For more information, see a!automationId().

Capture multiple automation types

Of course, the full picture of how your events are completed can be complicated. You might have more than one type of automation attempting to complete the same task, or your process might require a user to complete a task after automation attempts it. In either case, Appian recommends capturing each attempt in a separate Write Records node to ensure your event data accurately reflects how the event was completed.

In the following example process, the Classify Documents Smart Service attempts to classify documents, but a user can classify them instead if it fails. The process has two Write Records nodes for the same "Classified Docs" event: one that writes event data if the AI skill successfully completes the task (1), and one that writes event data if a user successfully completes the task (2). A third Write Records node writes event data when a user reviews the documents (3).

In this example, capture the following automation type for each node:

#	Automation Type	Purpose
1	AI	Write event data if the AI skill successfully completes the task.
2	None (User)	Write event data if a user successfully completes the task.
3	None (User)	Write event data when a user reviews the documents.

Your processes might also involve multiple automation types working together to complete an event. Whenever this is the case, Appian recommends attributing the event to the most complex automation type.

For example, if you have an event that's completed by integration to an RPA vendor, such as Blue Prism, Appian recommends attributing the event to RPA, even though an integration was part of the process.

The following lists ranks automation types in order of complexity, with 1 being the most complex and 4 being the least complex:

1. RPA
2. AI
3. Integration
4. Other

Display and mine event data

As you collect event data, you can display a history of events in your record views, interfaces, and reports using the Event History List component.

You can display your event history as a timeline or as a list to show a snapshot of your business operations. Use the component to display a history of events for all records, or only display the events for a specific record. This component is automatically added to any generated Summary view so users can quickly see a history of events related to their records.

To take your data a step further, you can mine your event data using Appian's process mining capabilities. Process mining helps you find new ways to optimize your business processes. Since your event data is stored in your record types, it's easy to load the data into Mining Prep and get started.